The safety of electronic cigarettes has always been the focus of attention of all parties. The basic structure of e-cigarettes includes the power supply part, the atomization part and the e-liquid. The safety topics around these three aspects have never been interrupted, and the most concerned is the e-liquid.
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Although the composition of e-liquid is very simple, it is mainly composed of propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavor and additives. The composition is also common in daily life, such as food, beverages and other products, but the same food-grade materials are eaten and inhaled after heating and atomization. After that, will there be a difference? This is also the question of many people, and it often becomes the starting point for attacks on electronic cigarettes.
And this kind of "gossip" that is not supported by science is very harmful to e-cigarettes, such as the early "popcorn lung" incident, although there is only one case and it is impossible to prove that the cause is due to the ingredients in the e-liquid. , But at that time, it destroyed a well-known brand of e-liquid and never recovered.
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As a result, a new "conjecture" came into being, that is, even if the ingredients of e-cigarette oil are safe, it is widely used in the food and beverage industries, and certain flavors or additives may not be eaten. It can cause harm to the body, but after heating and atomizing, is it safe? Who knows?
And this hypothetical "flavoring ingredient is harmful" theory has also contributed to the "e-cigarette taste ban", and even among e-cigarette users, rumors have begun to try not to use certain flavors to prevent them from being toxic.
In 2017, a targeted study in Europe seemed to confirm this "conjecture" from a scientific perspective.
"European Respiration" magazine: e-cigarettes cause cancer
In 2017, "European Respiration" magazine published an investigation report on the effects of the components in e-cigarette supplement liquid (e-liquid) on the human body.
The project was launched under the funding of the European Commission. In 2016, from the scope of 9 EU member states, the five most popular brands were identified based on brand data, sales data or website data, and questionnaires. Three products were randomly selected from the complete product list available for 5 brands for chemical analysis, and the total number of test samples reached 122.
Analyze samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods, and compare the results with the Global Harmonized Classification System (GHS) classification of respiratory irritants.
A total of 246 different flavors and additives were detected, of which the most common flavor substance is menthol (41.0%), followed by ethyl maltol (36.9%), linalool (31.1%), and methylcyclopentanone (26.2%), β-adamantanone (18.9%), ethyl vanillin (18.0%), b-ionone (10.7%), acetylpyrazine and a-ionone (9.0%).
Finally, through comparison, it was found that all 122 analyzed supplementary liquid (e-liquid) samples had GHS classification as "additives with a certain hazard/hazard level".
Specifically,
● Methylcyclopentanone and α-ionone can cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled;
● Methylcyclopentanone can also cause respiratory tract irritation;
● Acetylpyrazine, ethyl vanillin and menthol can cause irritation to the respiratory tract.
Except for the substances that can irritate the respiratory tract in the above GHS classification, the other substances contain various warning effects, including skin, eye and respiratory tract irritation; allergies, harmful or even fatal if swallowed; cause drowsiness or dizziness; suspected of fertility or fetal damage ; Toxicity to aquatic organisms; and flammability.
In the end, the report concluded:
The chemicals and ultrafine particles in the e-cigarette vapor can cause a dry cough in the pharynx and irritate the upper and lower respiratory systems, and are also potentially toxic and carcinogenic.
In addition, it has been found that ethylene glycol and glycerin vapors and other vapor components of e-cigarettes can cause mucous membranes to dry out and irritate the upper respiratory tract.
The flavors used in the e-cigarette liquid may also have acute cytotoxic effects on respiratory tract cells. Among them, menthol, coffee and strawberry flavors will affect the overall cytotoxicity of the supplement liquid (e-liquid).
E-cigarette users are exposed to large amounts of benzaldehyde, which is a known respiratory irritant. Compared with users of other flavors, people who use cherry-flavored e-cigarette products may inhale higher doses of benzaldehyde.
The latest revision of the European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) sets strong safety and quality standards for manufacturers and importers of e-cigarettes sold in the European Union to ensure a high level of health protection for European citizens. TPD stipulates that, with the exception of nicotine, the ingredients used in nicotine-containing liquids shall not pose a threat to human health in the form of heating or unheating. With this in mind, the report believes that all e-cigarette products do not meet the TPD standard.
Experts are angrily: Regardless of concentration and toxicity, it is all "hooliganism"!
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This research report, which seemed to provide scientific evidence for "e-cigarettes to be toxic", was refuted by Dr. Konstantinos Farsalinos, a well-known tobacco and e-cigarette research expert, and a cardiologist. A substance that produces irritation, but this study did not publish the calculated data related to the toxic concentration.
Translated, it is the phrase we often hear, "Everything aside from dose and toxicity is a hooliganism." Although this sentence is also controversial in terms of universality, Dr. Farsalinos means that the substance corresponding to the GHS classification is found in the e-cigarette supplement liquid (e-liquid), which can stimulate the respiratory tract, but whether the content concentration is It is not clear that it will cause harm to the human body. It is completely irresponsible to conclude that e-cigarettes have potential health risks or even "carcinogenic".
For example, potatoes contain aristolochic acid, tomatoes and eggplants contain nicotine. Aristolochic acid and nicotine are both lethal toxic substances. Could it be said that potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants are all deadly? And use this to suggest that the government ban potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants?
The "lie" of science needs to be exposed by science!
In order to test the "toxicity" of e-liquid, Dr. Farsalinos repeated the study and checked the toxicity classification of different chemicals at the maximum concentration reported in that study.
Dr. Farsalinos and his team compared the concentration of each flavoring agent with the minimum concentration required for toxic substances in the GHS classification, and finally got the research data.
"In the test, it is concluded that the maximum concentration of these substances in the e-liquid is 71.6-99.9% lower than the toxic concentration." That is to say, the toxicity of most flavoring compounds in the e-liquid is far below the minimum toxic level.
However, Dr. Farsalinos also mentioned an important point. Due to the different production processes and formulas of e-liquid, all products are not completely the same in composition. For example, the toxicity of methylcyclopentenone in e-liquid is 150.7 higher. %.
Therefore, even if the toxicity of e-liquid is far below the minimum standards for toxicity, relevant departments must regularly monitor the components of the e-liquid to prevent counterfeit and inferior products that do not meet the standards from entering the market. At the same time, users are also urged to choose regular brand products to avoid Purchase and use products of unknown origin in unconventional channels such as the black market.
What is methylcyclopentenone?
Methyl cyclopentenol ketone is a kind of food additives, abbreviation: MCP, chemical name: 3-Methyl cyclopenten-1,2-dione (dione structure); 2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1 -one (enol structure)
Function and use: Methyl cyclopentenolone (MCP) is a broad-spectrum food flavoring agent, and it is a food flavor permitted to be used in my country's GB2760-96.
It has nut-like and maple and walnut aroma raw materials, which can be used to modulate flavors and has a fragrance synergistic effect. It is used in the blending of edible flavors such as coffee, cocoa, chocolate, nuts, etc., maple sugar, caramel, etc.
As a tobacco flavor, it can improve the flavor of tobacco leaves, improve the grade of tobacco leaves and the quality of cigarettes, and can be used as a modifier and moderator.
It can be used directly in food and can be used in conjunction with other fragrant raw materials. It has the effect of enhancing fragrance and sweetening, increasing the variety of products and creating good economic benefits for enterprises.
Widely used in walnuts and other nuts, syrup, rum, caramel, Scottish cream, spices, soup, wine, ice cream.
Excessive intake will produce dependence.